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Circumzenithal Arc
An upside-down rainbow… Really?

By Garry Nicholson in Darley Dale, Derbys 00:00hrs  11/06/2012
Temperature: 13.5    Weather: Clear


I was lucky enough to spot and photo what looked like an upside-down rainbow this weekend. No, I’m not talking rubbish, what I saw was a relatively unusual halo phenomena, referred to as a ‘circumzenithal arc’.

A halo can become visible when the sun shines through thin high level cirrus-form cloud, formed of ice crystals. These wispy clouds do not block out much sunlight, but the tiny ice crystals cause refraction of the light through their flat hexagonal shape.

Whilst the sun is high in the sky, a halo appears as a ring around the sun, and sometimes shows faint rainbow colours. However, the circumzenithal arc can only be viewed when the sun is lower in the sky, less than 30 degrees above the horizon. When individual ice crystals are aligned horizontally, the sunlight shines into the top of the crystal and is refracted out of the side, forming an arc of rainbow colours roughly 45 degrees above the sun, so almost directly overhead.

So the next time you see faint wispy clouds in the sky, firstly (and carefully!) look out for a halo as a ring around the sun. If it is nearer sunset, then look straight up and you may spot this striking feature in the sky!




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